Check back for notices about changes or cancellations prior to the starting date.
All Times Eastern Daylight (EDT March 8-November 1) & Eastern Standard Time (EST Nov 1-March) unless Daylight Saving Time becomes permanent.
DESCRIPTIONS
Hobbes, Leviathan (12 sessions)
Sundays, 11a-12:30p ET | Oct 4-Dec 20
Leader: John Samples
Steven Smith of Yale University has said that Thomas Hobbes “was the author of the first and undoubtedly the greatest work of political theory written in the English language.” This seminar will closely read this “first and greatest” work, Leviathan published in 1651. Hobbes sought to shift political thought away from classical notions of virtue toward modern secularism, individualism, and natural rights. He offered a government of human design meant to fulfill human purposes. Leviathan was a turning point in Western political history, a book that continues to shape our lives in ways that are both clear and obscure. A close consideration of Leviathan might thus advance our understanding of both ourselves and our world.
Book: The Essential Leviathan: A Modernized Version. Ed. Nancy Stanlick. Hackett Publishing.
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Nabokov, Lolita (12 sessions)
Sundays, afternoon (TBA) ET | Oct 4-Dec 20
Leader: Irfan Khawaja
Description forthcoming.
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Beginning Ancient Greek (12 sessions)
Sundays, 7:30-9:30p ET | Oct 4-Dec 27
Leaders: Reynaldo Miranda-Zúñiga & Eric Stull
This language seminar is intended for beginners who have no or almost no background in classical Greek, as well as for those who wish to refresh their rusty, basic Greek of long ago. Following our lighter approach this summer, this seminar takes the next step in the journey by starting again from the beginning, with a more methodical approach, but no less enjoyable – for those who take pleasure in languages. Most Greek textbooks are written for fulltime high school and college students, in immersive programs. They generally assume a student will dedicate 2-4 hours per day at a minimum. Very few working adults are able to make this much time. We will be using a contemporary UK text written for 13 and 14 year old students in freshman and sophomore years of high school in England and Wales, most of them taking Greek as an extracurricular on top of their regular classes. As one might expect, lessons are clumped in short, digestible morsels. If you can dedicate at least one solid hour to Greek per day, this class is for you. Once we have completed this course, the intention is to continue at a more demanding level toward basic reading knowledge. This stepped approach then would greatly ease the later course and help shorten the required daily study time.
Text: Taylor, John, Greek to GCSE Part 1, Revised ed.: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016, 205 pp., paperback, ISBN 978 1 4742 5516 5. Once we have finished Part 1, we will continue to the concluding Part 2. Publisher’s website: Greek to GCSE: Part 1: Revised edition for OCR GCSE Classical Greek (9–1): John Taylor: Bloomsbury Academic - Bloomsbury Answer keys will be provided to all exercises. A very handy grammar reference is Mondi, Robert and Peter L. Corrigan, A Student Handbook of Greek and English Grammar: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2013, 150 pp. Paperback ISBN 9 781 624660368. Publisher’s website: A Student Handbook of Greek and English Grammar Unless you are already quite familiar with Greek grammar, especially the verb, this second book is strongly recommended.
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Mathematics Track TBA
Mondays, 1-3p ET | Oct 5-Dec 28
Leaders: Eric Stull & Esa Palosaari
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Zola, Germinal (13 sessions)
Monday, 5-6:30p ET | Oct 5-Dec 28
Leader: Thomas Riordan
Émile Zola, the great nineteenth-century naturalist novelist, beckons us to wander with Étienne Lantier, a homeless, destitute young man, through northern France’s coal country and into the company town called Two Hundred and Forty. Here, impoverished miners, wealthy mine owners, petit-bourgeois shopkeepers, École-trained engineers, and political firebrands mix in a volatile ragout served up to the ravenous coal mine La Voreux, “crouching like some evil beast at the bottom of its lair, . . . puffing and panting in increasingly slow, deep bursts as if it were struggling to digest its meal of human flesh.” Set during the Second Empire (1852–1870), Zola subjects his characters to extreme social and economic pressures — and does not flinch from what he finds.
We, along with Étienne, will live among the exploited men, women, and children of Two Hundred and Forty and witness how generational trauma, biological necessity, and unpredictable political and natural forces bear down on notions of moral agency and free will. What possible futures beyond mere survival, if any, remain open to people ground down by such conditions? Is hope an inspiration to action and salvation, or a dangerous daydream that leads somewhere far worse? And can La Voreux — with its
insatiable hunger, seemingly beyond anyone’s control — ever be appeased?
Germinal, the thirteenth novel in Zola’s twenty-volume Les Rougon-Macquart series, is considered one of his masterpieces. At the time of his death in 1902, his literary reputation in France was second only to Victor Hugo’s in the esteem of the French public; 50,000 citizens gathered in Paris for his funeral. His influence reached across the Atlantic, inspiring American naturalist writers including Theodore Dreiser, Jack London, Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, and Upton Sinclair. Zola wrote that “naturalist novelists are conscious of their social role; they are physicians, examining magistrates, reformers. . . . We seek the causes and conditions of [physical] illnesses in man; we act on these causes and conditions to master and cure them. . . . The same applies to human passions.”
Recommended text: Penguin Classics, Tr. Roger Pearson (2004) (Roughly 40-45 pages a week)
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Vergil in Latin (cont.)
Mondays, 7-9p ET | Oct 5
Leader: Eric Stull
Do you ever wonder how poets keep getting better even after they’re dead? How do they do that? Not to say, despite glib assertions to the contrary, that death is always a good career move for a poet. Take Vergil, for instance: that unplanned, ill-advised ferry ride across the Adriatic nearly got The Aeneid killed along with its author. Fortunately the big shot who persuaded the poet to change his plans and ended up conveying him to his demise had the good sense to save the poem at least. In the two years we have spent crawling and toddling across the poet’s page, like a baby across a rug finding countless things to interest (and to worry her dear father!), we have at last arrived with the poem’s reluctant hero at the image, on an otherwise unknown foreign wall, of the war that set him and his traveling companions adrift on a sea of tears – brutal, pitiless, unrelenting – where only on great and rare occasion mentem mortalia tangunt. The poem and the poet, which we will keep taking as steadily as we may, always in hope of being joined by fellow voyagers, keep getting better.
Text: Pharr’s Aeneid (ISBN: 9780865164215)
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Homer, Iliad (24 sessions)
Mondays, 8-9:30p ET | Oct 5
Leader: Christian Blood
Homer’s Iliad has many excellent successors, but nothing can take its place. The Iliad is not only the fountainhead of poetry; it is probably its greatest summit. It is not only like a great mountain river rushing on with irresistible strength and unbearable beauty, staying in the mountains for a long time before making its spectacular descent through a world almost too rugged to be lived in, yet impossible not to dwell with once visited, its water bearing all before it through the shining plain; it is also like the mountain itself and the sea toward which its waters tend.
The poem is thus a world, about a world. Is this world simply the world as such: elemental, profound, brutal, fecund, brilliant, terrible, filled with women and men, love and hate, gods, animals, plants, earth, sun, air, sky, sea? What else is there, really? One thing, perhaps: pteroenta, winged things--words. A reader keeping their ear to the poem’s ground may hear the words alighting within the range of their hearing. There is nothing else like it under the sun--this sun to the sea of song that has followed it. We will read the Iliad slowly: a book a week, an hour and a half at a time, for 24 meetings -- and then we will meet one final time to wonder at what we just did.
Text: Recent generations of English-language Iliad readers have been well served by Richmond Lattimore and Robert Fitzgerald, and more recently Robert Fagles and Stanley Lombardo. Renderings by Herbert Jordan, Rodney Merrill, Michael Reck, Joe Sachs, Caroline Alexander, and Peter Green also all have their benefits. I will be reading Emily Wilson's 2023 translation, and I recommend it highly. Overall, our discussions will be more convenient if everyone in a group has the same translation; at the same time, it's illuminating when we can compare different renderings. Ultimately, the choice of translation is yours, so long as it is in verse and provides line numbers
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Listeners Studio: Early Jazz (6 sessions)
Tuesdays, 12-1:30p ET | Nov 10-Dec 15
Leader: Jeff Johnston
It swings. It's cool. From its origins in New Orleans, with Louis Armstrong, to Duke Ellington in New York, to Earl Hines in Chicago, to Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald worldwide, jazz was "the quintessential American art form." This seminar will explore the music of the first jazz artists and trace the development of early jazz.
Music: recordings and sheet music will be made available.
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Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz & Benito Feijoo (13 sessions)
Tuesdays, 3-4:30p ET | Oct 6-Dec 29
Leader: Miryam Bujanda
Arc of Modernity with Great Books of Iberia returns! This seminar pairs the two earliest feminist writings in Western modernity, and poems by the first author who also closed out the Spanish Siglo de Oro in literature.
Juana Ines de Asabaje y Ramirez de Santayana was born in San Miguel Nepatlanta (near Mexico City), New Spain, 1648, the illegitimate daughter of naval Captain don Pedro Manuel de Asajue y Vargas-Machuca, involved in transatlantic commerce and shipping, and the wealthy criolla dona Isabel Ramirez de Santillana y Rendon. She grew up on her maternal grandfather’s haciendas de Nepatlanta and de Panoyan, where she was given access to his very large and rich library. By age 3 she was reading and writing Latin, by age 5 she could keep accounting books, by age 8 she had written a poem on the Eucharist, by age 13 she had mastered Greek, logic, and was teaching Latin to the hacienda children. At 16 she was sent to live with relatives in the vice-regal capital, Mexico City, and she asked permission of her mother to attend the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico disguised as a boy. Her mother declined, but Juana Ines became a lady-in-waiting to the Vicereine dona Eleanora del Carreto, a daughter of the scion of one of Italy's most aristocratic families, and wife of the viceroy the Marques of Mancera. Juana tutored one of the daughters, and her intelligence and learning attracted much notice at court. The viceroy arranged a quod libet and invited eminent theologians, philosophers, jurists, and poets. All were astonished. She received several marriage proposals, all of which she declined. Thereafter she became known as “the Tenth Muse” and “the Phoenix of America.” Instead, in 1677, she entered a convent, where her cell was a salon for women intellectuals, including two successive vicereines. She amassed a library of more than 4,000 volumes, and an extensive cabinet of scientific and musical instruments. She is known by her religious name Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz OSH. We will read her poetic masterpiece, “First Dream/Sleep,” the letter in which she dismisses her confessor, the letter to her by the bishop of Puebla using a pseudonym, and her famous reply.
Benito Jeronimo Feijoo y Montenegro, born 1676 in Galicia and died 1764 in Asturias, was a Benedictine monk 1690-1764, professor of philosophy and theology, a leading figure in the European Enlightenment, and the man who started university reforms in XVIII C. Spain. He was appalled by the popular superstitions of his day. Among his 19 volumes of essays, in vol. I of his Teatro critico universal there is his famous Sixteenth Discourse, “A Defense of Women: Equality despite Difference” of 1726. In his lifetime, somewhere between 400,000 and 500,000 copies of his work were sold throughout Europe, widely translated into French, English, German, Italian, and Portuguese. Between 1728 and 1788 at least 115 books were written on Fiejoo’s work. Attacks ceased in Spain when King Fernando VI forbade them. We will read the first ten of twenty-four sections running to 73 pages, newly translated into English in 2010 for the first time since the XIX C.
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Pre-Socratics: Inquiries into Nature (12 sessions)
Tuesdays, 8-9:30p ET | Oct 6-Dec 29
Leader: Reynaldo Miranda-Zúñiga
Let us read the very beginnings of Western philosophy, as it was brought into being. See for yourself the origins and setting of the problems later addressed by Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and others, down to our own day: “the Problem of the One and the Many.” We will pay close attention to Thales, Anaximander, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Zeno, the early Pyathagoreans, among others in The Texts of Early Greek Philosophy: The Complete Fragments and Selected Testimonies of the Major Prescocratics, Part I, trans. and ed. Daniel W. Graham: Cambridge University Press, 2010; also, perhaps, The Presocratic Philosophers, 2nd. ed., trans. and ed. G. S. Kirk, J. E. Raven, and M. Schofield: Cambridge University Press, 1983. We may also consider Eva Brann's brief book, The Logos of Heraclitus, Paul Dry Books, 2011; Jacob Klein’s lecture of 6 March 1939 at the University of Virginia, “The Concept of Number in Greek Mathematics and Philosophy”; and, Andre Lak’s short book, The Concept of Presocratic Philosophy: Its Origin, Development, and Significance, trans. Glenn W. Most: Princeton University Press, 2018. In 2027, Aristotle’s Physics, is on the docket, for which this is, while not a necessary background, a very helpful one.
The main readings will be provided in PDF. The Brann book mentioned above will have to be procured by participants.
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An Introduction to Symposium: Aurelius, Meditations (8 sessions - FREE)
Tuesdays, 8-9:30p ET | Oct 20-Dec 8
Leader: Jason Happel
This introduction to our way of reading is free for participants who are new to Symposium Institute. Our way is called “shared inquiry,” and most of us learn it over many years by participating in 12- to 24-week seminars. Some cohorts have spent two years reading Aristotle line-by-line; others work within the limitations of modern life and secure time to meet for an hour and a half, in the day or evening, one or two days a week. This short seminar is an opportunity to read a book together, reflect on your own lifelong education, and to develop fundamental skills and expectations that can support that education and your participation in our reading community. Now, if Aurelius wrote, “Throw away your books; stop letting yourself be distracted.” (Meditations, Book 2, Section 5), this choice of texts to introduce an organization dedicated to reading is odd. But there are advantages to starting here: we can try to make sense of what the author is up to, and we can think about our own reading practices. Do we consume or read? What is reading, what is a book, what are the Meditations? Does reading well and conversing with others require a kind of moral preparation or effort? Or, does the process work automatically, no matter how opinionated or argumentative, how scholarly or loose with language participants are? In this seminar, we will try to understand Aurelius’s writing, the words on the page that we approach through shared inquiry; but we will not spend time on Stoicism or Marcus Aurelius’s reign as a Roman emperor.
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Shakespeare, Henry VI-3 (12 sessions)
Wednesdays, 2-3:30 pm ET | Oct 7-Dec 23
Leader: Eric Stull
If it were Jack Cade who says he wants to “kill all the lawyers,” we might charge Mr. Cade with being a little uncharitable, but it is not the great rouser of public passion who speaks these words, though he seems to agree with the sentiment, when he replies to their speaker: “is not this a lamentable thing, that of the innocent skin of a lamb should be made parchment; that parchment, being scribbled o’er, should undo a man?” (2H6, 4.2.72-75) Did the son of a glover write that line? Just asking. Did the poet make or unmake Jack Cade in this play? Both, maybe? He does not survive his own rebellion, but after 400 years’ continuous appearance in print, we can safely say he won’t soon be disappearing from parchment. The poet makes him illiterate but eloquent: he speaks in prose and verse, but could not read the play in which he dies immortally. Even if we fancy a neat formula in which history happens in prose and gets turned into verse in drama, we still have to ask, how can music be made of civil strife as monstrous as that of the Wars of the Roses? Shake the pen the right way and the spear writes itself?
Text: any standard edition (e.g., Arden, Riverside, Folger, Signet, Pelican, Yale, Oxford) with act, scene, line numbers
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Plato, Phaedrus (12 sessions)
Wednesdays, 5:30-7p ET | Oct 7-Dec 23
Leader: Reynaldo Miranda-Zúñiga
This is one of Plato’s central dialogues, and concerns language, desire, the city and citizens, immanence and transcendence, technique and wisdom–it is a brief, and very rich dialogue. You are asked to acquire the translation by Joe Sachs, Plato’s Symposium and Phaedrus, Philadelphia: Paul Dry Books, 2023, ISBN 978-1-58988-177-8. Two other outstandingly excellent translations will be made available online in PDF: James H. Nichols Jr., Plato’s Gorgias and Phaedrus: Rhetoric, Philosophy, and Politics, in the Agora Editions series, ed. Thomas Pangle, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8014-8532-0; and, William S. Cobb, The Symposium and the Phaedrus: Plato’s Erotic Dialogues, in the Ancient Greek philosophy series, ed. Anthony Preus, Albany NY: State University of New York Press, 1993, ISBN 0-7914-1618-6. We will make judicious use of the ancillary pedagogic matter in these books. Weekly reading will be about 10 pp., generally.
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Joyce, Dubliners (12 sessions)
Series: From Dubliners to Portrait to Ulysses: Joyce’s Apprenticeship in Seeing & Being (3 quarters)
Wednesdays, 7-8:30p ET | Oct 7-Dec 23
Leader: Randy Wootton, Richard Northing, Laura Parcells
Note: You don’t have to sign up for all 3 parts. You can join us in the fall, the winter and/or the spring.
This three-part series traces James Joyce’s development from the spare realism of Dubliners, through the formation of an artist in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, to his expansive modernist experiment of Ulysses. Throughout the year, we will explore his evolution, from thinking about Dublin in the late 19th/early 20th century as a place of paralysis, to Stephen Dedalus’ struggle for artistic freedom, to the transformation of one ordinary day into a modern epic of consciousness, memory, body, history, and human connection.
The arc of these 3 texts is rooted in paralysis, escape, and return. Specifically, Joyce begins by exploring Dublin’s trapped souls, then follows the artist (Stephen) who believes he must leave home, and finally discovers via Bloom in Ulysses the value of understanding and exploring everyday Dublin life.
Fall: Dubliners
Dubliners introduces Joyce’s moral and artistic world through a sequence of compressed stories about childhood, adolescence, adulthood, public life, and death. The central question we will explore is” Why people fail to act even when they glimpse the truth of their condition?” We will explore paralysis, failed escape, family obligation, religion, colonial Dublin, money, shame, and epiphany.
Winter: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man follows Stephen Dedalus as he explores language, self-consciousness, rebellion, and the meaning of being an artist. Joyce’s style develops with Stephen’s mind, making the novel both a coming-of-age story and a portrayal of artistic self-creation. It is truly the story of the tortured artist in the modern world.We will explore whether Stephen’s flight from family, Church, and Ireland is liberation, evasion, or both.
Spring/Summer: Ulysses
Ulysses returns us to Dublin on June 16, 1904, but now Joyce is exploring the full modernist range of expression. Moreover, he expands his study of Stephen to include Leopold Bloom as a counterweight to Stephen’s abstraction. And, of course, there is Molly who acts as another counterweight to these complicated men.
We will read passages from Homer’s Odyssey in parallel to explore the similarities and differences between an ancient and modern epic. In Ulysses, Dublin becomes an epic field of wandering, grief, desire, comedy, rhetoric, memory, and return. Finally, we will explore this text as Joyce’s act of artistic re-entry into the world he once tried to escape, even if he does not actually physically return to Ireland.
Text(s): Dubliners: Centennial Edition. Penguin Classics: Deluxe Edition
Portrait: TBD
Ulysses: The Gabler Edition
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Early Irish Poetry (6 sessions)
Thursdays, 4-5:30p ET | Oct 15-Nov 19
Leaders: Patricia Hagen & Tom Zelman
The topic of Irish literature brings to mind the greats of the 19th century through the present: the four Nobel laureates (Yeats, Shaw, Beckett, Heaney) and Joyce, Edna O’Brien, and others. But storytelling and poetry have been intrinsic to Irish culture for more than a millennium. Irish poetry is the earliest vernacular poetry written in Europe.
After the interest in early Irish poets expressed at our free St. Patrick’s Day event earlier this year, we’d like to share more early works: brief poems (and prose poems) often akin to haiku in their economy and vividness. Many were written by monks and scribes in the margins of texts they were copying, and some written as stand-alone works on single pieces of parchment. We’ll begin with an excerpt from the Fionn mac Cumhail sagas, which sets a tone for the pieces that follow. We hope to have a lively discussion. Feel free to sip your favorite beverage as we engage in some lively craiç.
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Great Books, Great Readers: Job w/ Sacks commentary (24 sessions)
Thursdays, 8-9:30p ET | Oct 8-Dec 17
Leaders: Reynaldo Miranda-Zúñiga and Jason Happel
Join us for a close reading of one of the strangest and most argumentative, and perhaps philosophical, books in the Jewish and Christian traditions. The Book of Job is difficult in part because the Hebrew is odd, unique, and difficult to translate, which has led to opposing translations. For example, four Hebrew words in this book can be translated as "man"; Robert Sacks suggests that the difference among them points to the differences between a hero, a mortal, and a human being. The book is also difficult because it doesn’t resolve or man-’splain Job’s problems: he wants answers not consolation. He wants a hearing. Sacks makes the perplexities more obvious, allowing for hints of comedy. Our weekly conversations will focus on the primary text, supplemented by Sacks's notes. No Hebrew or prior study of the Bible is required, and this work can be a good introduction to both traditions. We read and discuss about 7 pages per week.
This offering is part of an ongoing series that explores Jewish and Christian texts. Anyone who is interested in a pluralistic, serious (with some playfulness), conversational approach to religious texts, read for the purpose of personal understanding, is invited to join each quarter. We like to think we are contributing to interfaith dialogue by not adopting a theory of interfaith dialogue, but by just doing it.
Text: Robert D. Sacks, The Book of Job: a New Translation with In-Depth Commentary. Published by Kafir Yaroq Books/Green Lion Press (2016).
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Homer, Odyssey (24 sessions)
Fridays, 10:00-11:30 am ET | Oct 9-Mar 19
Leaders: Jason Happel
If you've seen the movie and are curious what Homer wrote, this seminar offers an easy-going introduction to a work that begins a long tradition of philosophical story-telling. The book itself is a Trojan horse, full of surprises for those who go through the journey with Odysseus; and maybe we cannot really make sense of it until the end – upon returning, looking back, and re-telling the story as Odysseus did. In Symposium we often say that reading a summary of a great book or reading a "modernized" re-telling (for all of its value) is like hearing about a Beethoven symphony, rather than hearing it for yourself. This seminar is for first-time readers of Homer’s Odyssey, or those who were introduced to the story in high school or college, but without leisure to understand and enjoy the full scope of the genius of the epic. Slow reading is a meditative practice, not a quick acquisition. Many of the poem’s hints about domestic and married life are lost on young readers, but those themes have appealed to adults for 2500 years.
We will read much of the Odyssey aloud, during weekly online sessions, allowing time to discover and discuss points that often go unnoticed and unenjoyed. Please participate even if you do not have time to read each week; our discussions will focus on the passages that we read aloud for about 15 minutes (usually the first 200-300 lines of each of its 24 books).
Recommended translation: the Odyssey, trans. Joe Sachs (Paul Dry Books, 2014) or Fitzgerald's translation. You may read any translation or translations you wish (and certainly listen to an audio version too!) but an unfamiliar translation can help us notice the “clues to delight.” Generally, we do not use resources outside of our text and conversation in order to invite greater participation and to avoid academic debates. However, if you are a teacher or would like to supplement our shared reading, Eva Brann’s Homeric Moments, Clues to Delight in Reading the Odyssey and the Iliad offers the reflections of someone who has spent a lifetime with Homer.
Tolstoy, War and Peace (cont.)
Fridays, 3:00-4:30 pm ET | Oct 9-Dec 18
Leaders: Eric Stull and Linda McConnell
We have a Russian novel that begins in French and is about a war against the French. We have a novel that the author claimed wasn’t a novel at all. We have a 1460-page book with two nouns of seemingly equal weight in the title, to the first of which are devoted 1400 of its pages and to the other of which 60. We have a prose work filled with epic-style similes. What sort of book IS Tolstoy’s War and Peace? Presumably the sort that one has to read to find out. If such an answer is unsatisfactory, the manner of finding out may not be. One might suppose that the only way to get through a very long book is to read it as quickly as possible, especially if it is of the sort that can be read swiftly, as this incomparable novel can, written as it is by the hand of one whose storytelling even in translation is so limpid as to make us forget that we ourselves are not in the book. But what would be the point of just getting through the battle of Borodino, the burning of Moscow, the scenes of conversation, the swirl of dancing, the lives of Natasha, Prince Andrei, and the seemingly numberless others? If life is for the living, then a book is for the reading, which we will do at the slow-and-savor rate of about 40 pages a week.
Text: any good translation (e.g., Dunnigan, Maude & Maude, Briggs, Pevear & Volokhonsky)
Check back for notices about changes or cancellations prior to the starting date. All Times Eastern Daylight
Enlightenment Thinkers (12 sessions)
Sundays, 11:00a-12:30p ET | July
Leader: John Samples
This seminar offers an introduction to the themes and thinkers of the Enlightenment, the 17th and 18th century movement of ideas that continues to influence contemporary life. Natural science - above all the brilliant discoveries of Newton - fostered a faith that nature and humanity could be understood, and the world shaped to serve human purposes. Enlightenment thinkers were skeptical about many things not least traditional religious dogma and its implications for governments and societies. But they were not just critics. The Enlightenment thinkers argued for knowledge through scientific inquiry, government through consent, and prosperity through economic liberty. We shall examine their criticisms and affirmations, not forgetting their oversights and errors. Unlike other seminars we shall focus on shorter writings from a broad array of writers. Later seminars in this series will engage individual works by the leading authors
of the Enlightenment.
Book: The Portable Enlightenment Reader, ed. Isaac Kramnick, Penguin Books.
Weekly reading load: 20-25 pp.
Beginning Ancient Greek (cont.)
Sundays, 7:30-9:30p ET | July
Leader: Reynaldo Miranda-Zúñiga
This session is continuing from the previous quarter.
American Short Stories: Kate Chopin
and Zora Neale Hurston (3 Mondays & 7 Saturdays)
August 3, 8, 15, 17, 22, 24, 29, September 12, 19, 26,
11 AM-12:30 PM ET (See description below)
Math Focus: Plato, Timaeus (12 sessions, Mon & Thurs)
Mondays, 2:30-4p ET | July
Leaders: Eric Stull & Esa Palosaari
In the famous fresco by Raphael, Plato is depicted holding Timaeus: a dialogue about mathematics, harmony, cosmology, astronomy, and the structure of the universe. Detail of The School of Athens, 1509-1511 by Raphael.
Why did Raphael choose this book? Why did later generations regard Timaeus as one of the key texts of philosophy, cosmology, and the mathematical sciences? And how did a dialogue written in ancient Greece come to influence the intellectual world of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton?
This seminar explores Plato’s Timaeus as one of the foundational texts of the ancient mathematical worldview.
The dialogue presents a cosmos ordered through number, geometry, harmony, and astronomical motion. It can be read as a remarkable introduction to what later became known as the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy, the four mathematical arts that shaped ancient and medieval education and profoundly influenced the development of science.
For modern readers, one of the most surprising aspects of Timaeus is its treatment of music. Harmonic ratios and musical intervals are presented not merely as artistic phenomena, but as mathematical structures woven into the fabric of the cosmos itself. The dialogue asks whether the same principles governing musical harmony might also govern the soul, the heavens, and the structure of nature.
Timaeus would remain enormously influential throughout late antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. Historians of science have often connected the Platonic tradition represented by the dialogue with the rise of mathematical astronomy and physics in figures such as Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton. Johannes Kepler in particular explicitly drew upon Platonic and Pythagorean ideas of cosmic harmony and geometrical order in his attempts to understand the structure of the heavens. The Platonic dialogue form itself would remain influential well into the scientific revolution: Galileo presented his most famous cosmological work as a dramatic dialogue between competing worldviews.
At the same time, Timaeus constantly reminds us that cosmology may be only a “likely story” about the world of becoming. Is Plato presenting a mathematical science of nature or a self-conscious reflection on the power and limits of cosmological images? Why does Socrates largely fall silent while Timaeus speaks? Is the dialogue constructing a vision of the cosmos, questioning such visions, or somehow both at once?
Over six weeks, we will meet twice per week and work carefully through the dialogue, paying special attention to:
harmonic ratios and the musical scale,
the world soul and cosmic order,
the astronomical structure of the heavens,
the Platonic solids,
and the relation between mathematics, cosmology, and philosophy.
The seminar is intended especially for readers interested in Greek mathematics, the quadrivium or the mathematical arts, the history of astronomy and cosmology, and the origins of mathematical science.
No prior background in Plato or in mathematics is required.
Catullus in Latin
Mondays, 7-9p ET | July
Leader: Eric Stull
How could he have been so bad and so good and died at 30? A question that answers itself perhaps. We’ll take a break from the relentless
magnificence of The Aeneid this summer to sample a handful of specimens of this poet’s exquisite work, whose motto could have been Odi et amo:
we’ll look at the sparrows, the imitation of Sappho (alongside her original), the goodbye, girl (along with Bob Dylan’s lyrics walking on down the road),
the address to Lesbia that Marlowe channeled (in The Passionate Shepherd), the hail and farewell. N.B. This will be a good opportunity for
intermediate or aspiring Latinists who haven’t read much or are out of practice to translate short but lovely things that can be savored without the
loss of too much hair.
Meeting Dates, Days, Time: 5 weeks, June 29-August 7 (NO MEETING July 13), Monday, 7-9 PM ET
Text: disseminated selections from Peter Green’s bilingual edition pub. By the University of California Press.
Bach Listening Lab, St. John Passion (8 sessions)
Tuesdays, 12-1:30p ET | July
Leader: Jeff Johnston
Bach Listening Lab: the John Passion. In his resignation letter, the 23-year-old organist at Muhlhausen complained that he had not been given the opportunity to achieve his aim: "to create a well-regulated church music to the glory of God." Fifteen years later, a more mature 38-year-old Johann Sebastian Bach managed to become the musical director for the entire town of Leipzig, a position that finally gave him that chance. He immediately set about building a full annual set of cantatas. But Bach soon looked to augment that set with pieces for special occasions, and the first was his spectacular first great passion: the John Passion. Bach later wrote the even grander Matthew Passion; but he performed the John Passion regularly for the rest of his life, frequently reworking it, shifting pieces around, rewriting sections, and adjusting it to match his vision. The magnificent and magisterial John Passion stands today as one of Bach’s greatest works, combining instrumental and vocal music with texts from many different sources. — In this group, we'll be listening through the whole John Passion while watching it proceed in the score, taking note of the historical sources for Bach's music and texts. An overview of how it works will be given, so no prior understanding of music theory is required. [Tuesdays at 12pm Eastern, 8 sessions, July 7 through August 25]
Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (12 sessions)
Tuesdays, 5:30-7p ET | July
Leader: Reynaldo Miranda-Zúñiga
Was Henry Adams an American Socrates?
Henry Adams (1838-1918) aspired to exercise great influence without being elected or appointed to any public office, and said he had failed in his ambition. Yet he was the unappointed co-Secretary of State with his intimate friend John Hay, the official Secretary of State, to the chagrin of President Theodore Roosevelt–he seemed to be the senior in that partnership. He was as much an insider as it was possible to be (The Five of Hearts, and his remarkable network of accomplished friends on both sides of the Atlantic,of which he was the central node). He said he had wanted an education and had failed at that: “I know that I do not know.” He said he had got very little of the classics at Harvard College, but he was a master of the classical prose style, and an accomplished poet. He could be enigmatic.
If we place ourselves within his lifetime, rather than look back upon it, we see just how unstable, uncertain, and fraught his world was. And if ever there were insiders, he was one. When he was 10 the United States had nearly duplicated its territory at the expense of Mexico, and with that came mass migrations and brutal Indian wars. His first 23 years were a time of wealth such as his grandparents could not have dreamt. That all came crashing down with what Northerners called the Civil War and Southerners called the War of Northern Aggression, followed by Reconstruction, military occupation, martial law, a mass exodus of planters to the Empire of Brazil, sharecropping, African American migration North, the forced incorporation of the Southern economy and society into the Northern one. Then another explosion in wealth, the Gilded Age, a massive restructuring of the American economy by railroads, the first corporations that replaced small business groups such as Astor & Co. The closing of the frontier in 1890. The admission of the US into the club of European powers after the Spanish-American War in 1898. During the last decade of his life America became more urban than rural following a long and accelerating trend. And in the last years of his life, the entry of the US into the Great War that broke the stalemate and forced the capitulation of the Central Powers, the end of the Ottoman Empire and division of the near and middle East, the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in Central Europe, the end of monarchy in Germany and the imposition of Weimar, Versailles and revanchist reparations aimed at economically crippling Germany to the advantage of France and Britain (or so the latter thought, but guaranteeing a resumption of the War), and the beginning of decolonization (with disastrous consequences for the decolonialized). It was more than enough to make anyone dizzy, and risk being shocked, paralyzed, or crazy. To all this Adams had a direct, front row seat as it were. He saw the expansion of the canals, railways, all weather gravel roads, the typewriter, pneumatic tires, bicycles, the automobile, steel, coal-powered oceanliners, airships, aeroplanes, telegraph, the phonograph, wireless communication by radio, motion pictures, the telephone, electric lighting. Sounds familiar, yes. He knew perfectly well that the changes wrought in America were but her part of global changes. He chose to try and make sense of this, to understand what was happening, and to bring to that essay his great gifts as historian, poet, diplomat, and thinker. Let an American master show us how we may make sense of our crazy world. Indeed, we shall see how much Adams was ahead of his time. His time and ours is of one piece. And we do well to look back in order to understand ourselves, and to gain a better view of what may lie ahead.
Any complete edition will do, the chapters are short. The Library of America is one fine edition. Reading load is about 40 pp./week.
Great Books, Great Readers:
Plato, Symposium w/ commentaries (12 Sessions)
Tuesdays, 8-9:30p ET | July
Leaders: Reynaldo Miranda-Zúñiga and Jason Happel
Love, Amor, Eros, Desire: Typically, for Hellenic writers Eros is at least as much bitter as sweet. In Plato’s Symposium, seven famous men of Athens (and possibly one woman) variously praise Desire, and together clarify this maddening passion, without which we may not be able to live. Our eponymous Symposium Institute is named after a Hellenic drinking party, their conviviality, fun-seriousness/serious-fun, fellowship. This is the second of our Great Books, Great Readers series. The intention of the series is for us to become better and deeper readers of particular texts, partly by doing, and partly by accepting a bit of help and example from magisterial commentators. We will read leisurely, accompanied by two brief, running commentaries, that of William S. Cobb (Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, College of William and Mary), which will be provided; and, that accompanying our translation by Eva Brann, Peter Kalkavage, and Eric Salem (Focus Philosophical Library series, an imprint of Hackett Publishing, 2017). Once we have finished we will look back upon the whole, and read a short commentary by a master, Seth Benardete. We will read no more than 20 pages per week.
Required text: Translation by Eva Brann, Peter Kalkavage, and Eric Salem, Focus Philosophical Library series, an imprint of Hackett Publishing, 2017.
Shakespeare, Henry VI-2 (12 sessions)
Wednesdays, 2-3:30 pm ET | July
Leader: Eric Stull
If it were Jack Cade who says he wants to “kill all the lawyers,” we might charge Mr. Cade with being a little uncharitable, but it is not the great rouser of public passion who speaks these words, though he seems to agree with the sentiment, when he replies to their speaker: “is not this a lamentable thing, that of the innocent skin of a lamb should be made parchment; that parchment, being scribbled o’er, should undo a man?” (2H6, 4.2.72-75) Did the son of a glover write that line? Just asking. Did the poet make or unmake Jack Cade in this play? Both, maybe? He does not survive his own rebellion, but after 400 years’ continuous appearance in print, we can safely say he won’t soon be disappearing from parchment. The poet makes him illiterate but eloquent: he speaks in prose and verse, but could not read the play in which he dies immortally. Even if we fancy a neat formula in which history happens in prose and gets turned into verse in drama, we still have to ask, how can music be made of civil strife as monstrous as that of the Wars of the Roses? Shake the pen the right way and the spear writes itself?
Meeting Dates, Days, Time: 12 weeks, July 8-September 30 (NO MEETING July 15), Wednesday, 2-3:30 PM ET
Text: any standard edition (e.g., Arden, Riverside, Folger, Signet, Pelican,
Yale, Oxford) with act, scene, line numbers
Aristotle, Politics, Books 7-8 "On Education"
Wednesdays, 4-5:30p ET
Leader: Reynaldo Miranda-Zúñiga
This section is continuing from previous quarters, but the final books of the Politics on the best regine and the education that supports it can be read with some profit. Join us in June or July (starting Wendesday 6/10 or you can join in July and read the first few (short) chapters of Book 7 on your own).
Joyce, Ulysses
Wednesdays, 7:00-8:30 pm ET | (cont.)
Leader: Randy Wootton
This session is continuing from the previous quarter.
Dante, Paradiso
Wednesdays, 8-9:30p ET | (cont.)
Leader: Jeff Johnston
This session is continuing from the previous quarter.
Knox, Englishing the Bible (12 sessions)
Thursdays, 8:00-9:30 pm ET | July
Leaders: Reynaldo Miranda-Zúñiga and Clare McGrath-Merkle
Symposium offers the study of core texts from the Jewish and Christian tradition, which alternate each quarter. This is the first summer “palate cleanser” in the series on translating the Bible into English. In 1936 the bishops of England and Wales asked Msgr. Ronald Knox to translate the entire Bible from Greek and Hebrew sources. The New Testament was completed in 1945, and the Old in 1950. The Knox Bible is one of the classic translations. The very learned former Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, said “Ronald Knox's translation of the Bible remains an exceptional achievement both of scholarship and of literary dedication. Again and again it successfully avoids conventional options and gives the scriptural text a fresh flavour, often with a brilliantly idiosyncratic turn of phrase. It most certainly deserves republication, study and use." In 1949 he wrote a famous series of eight essays entitled On Englishing the Bible. It is at once a profound reflection on the art translation, extremely funny, and irreverent. CS Lewis called Ronald Knox “the wittiest man in Europe.” He is also a very clear writer.
In 1888 the youngest child was born of Ellen Penelope French and the Anglican Rev. Edmund Arbuthnott Knox, Rector of St. Wilfrid’s Church, Kibworth, and Fellow, Tutor, and Dean of Merton College, Oxford (and later bishop of Coventry, and bishop of Manchester, of Ulster Scots background). This boy, Ronald, was sent to Eton College, as first King’s Scholar. There he was elected to Pop, and became school captain. In 1904 he went up to Balliol College, Oxford, as the first classics scholar. There he won a series of important prizes, including ones for Greek and Latin verse composition. In 1910, already a very noted classicist, he was elected a fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, and for a short time tutored Harold Macmillan, the future prime minister. He was ordained an Anglican priest in 1912 and appointed Trinity College chaplain. During the First World War he served in military intelligence. In 1915 the headmaster of Shrewsbury School invited him to join the faculty, and he served as a beloved master of the Vb Form. In 1917 he resigned his chaplaincy, and converted to Catholicity. The following year he was ordained a Catholic priest. From 1919 to 1926 he taught classics in St. Edmund’s College, f. 1568, the oldest continually operating, post-Reformation Catholic school in the country. From 1926 to 1939 he was the Catholic chaplain at the University of Oxford, in 1936 receiving the honor of monsignor. While at Oxford he started writing detective fiction, novels and short stories. In 1930 he co-founded the Detection Club along with Agatha Christie, Dorothy Sayers, GK Chesterton, AA Milne and other writers of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. In 1926 he inaugurated the mock Holmesian criticism, and in 1929 published the decalogue of detective fiction. In 1957 he became quite ill. The prime minister invited him to stay with them at 10 Downing Street while he consulted a London specialist, who confirmed he had terminal cancer. He died on 24 August 1957.
Of Ronald Knox’s five older siblings, at least four were public figures. One was an atheist, celebrated papyrologist and classicist at Kings College, Cambridge, and a chief cryptographer in both World Wars, appointed to lead one of Betchley Park’s research sections and later Intelligence Services Knox (ISK), where Alan Turing worked (Turing was their house guest for a while), and who contributed to cracking the German Enigma machine. Another was a well known satirist and poet, who was the editor-in-chief of Punch from 1932-1949. Another was a beloved Anglo-Catholic priest and scholar who worked amongst the very poor. Another, Lady Peck by marriage, was a celebrated novelist and biographer. His paternal grandfather was the first Anglican bishop of Lahore in India. Outside of his immediate family Knox was a central figure in “the Second Spring” that stretched from SRE Nicholas Cardinal Wiseman (1850) to roughly JRR Tolkien (circa 1968-1974).
The book is available in paperback (and hardcover) on Amazon: On Englishing the Bible: Ronald Knox: 9798989992812: Amazon.com: Books or from the publisher, The Knox Page | churchlatin.com At this site, one can listen to a recording of him speaking about his translation (keep in mind that he is an Englishman of the Establishment circa 1950. Reading load is about 10 dense pages per week.
Tolstoy, War and Peace (12 sessions)
Fridays, 3:00-4:30 pm ET | (cont.)
Leaders: Eric Stull and Linda McConnell
This session is continuing from the previous quarter.
American Short Stories: Kate Chopin
and Zora Neale Hurston (3 Mondays & 7 Saturdays)
August 3, 8, 15, 17, 22, 24, 29, September 12, 19, 26,
11 AM-12:30 PM ET
Zora Neale Hurston and Kate Chopin – is there not music in the names? One was from
Florida and went to Harlem; the other was from St. Louis and went to Louisiana. One
was 11 when the Civil War began; the other was 12 or 13 when the older one died, shortly
after the turn of the twentieth century. One took part in the cultural movement known
as the Harlem Renaissance; the other lived in a region devastated by the late war. Each
was writing about the South and its people, even if some of those people were now in the
North. Each wrote a great novel, and each left a treasury of stories.
What stories! The ten to be read here are few out of many, but they make a good
sample. Chopin’s “Désirée's Baby” is a work of perfect craft: it is as compressed as
anything by Maupassant, whom she admired, and is surely one of the most insightful
stories ever written on a particular kind of madness that might exist anywhere, but
which is particularly endemic in American culture. “At the ’Cadian Ball” and “The
Storm” make a narrative pair on family and mating; “The Story of an Hour,” like “The
Storm,” treats with both frankness and subtlety the intricacy and anguish of eros and
matrimony. Hurston gives us a comic vision both exuberant and subtle -- even when
not entirely comic. Outsized characters like High John and Mother Catherine (based on
a real woman Hurston had interviewed) populate a world both mythic and real
stretching from the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans to Hurston’s own still-rural
native Florida to the jazz clubs of Harlem, in styles ranging from the hilariously mock-
biblical to the tall-tale to that of protective-parent-vs.-adventure-seeking-child-
performer-wanting-to-take-risks and of grim-and-harrowing-but-darkly-poetic-
domestic-abuse-overcoming. Hurston makes us hear better.
Neither of these great authors seems to have received the honor she was due late in life.
Hurston kept writing, but found herself in straitened circumstances in the years
preceding her death in 1960; Chopin did not write much after the outcry following the
publication of The Awakening and died a few years later in 1904. All we can do is read,
learn from, and rejoice in what they left us. And what is better than a good short story?